ALASAN RUSSIA MENGADOPSI STANDAR FINANCIAL ACTION TASK FORCE TERKAIT CRYPTOCURRENCY, 2022 – 2025

Maher Syalal Hash Bas, Simanjuntak (2026) ALASAN RUSSIA MENGADOPSI STANDAR FINANCIAL ACTION TASK FORCE TERKAIT CRYPTOCURRENCY, 2022 – 2025. FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK, UNIVERSITAS LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

Studi ini meneliti mengapa Rusia mengadopsi standar Financial Action Task Force (FATF) ketika menyusun peraturan nasional mengenai pencucian uang melalui mata uang crypto pada periode 2022–2025, meskipun keanggotaan aktif dalam organisasi tersebut telah ditangguhkan sejak Februari 2023. Dengan menggunakan teori rezim internasional Krasner dan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, studi ini menganalisis peraturan domestik Rusia, data operasional dari pemantauan Rosfinmonitoring, dan dinamika kerja sama regional melalui Eurasian Group on Combatting Money Laundering and Financing of Terrrorism (EAG). Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa adopsi standar FATF oleh Rusia bukanlah suatu kebetulan, tetapi didorong oleh empat mekanisme yang beroperasi secara bersamaan dan saling memperkuat. Pertama, tekanan reputasi dan kebutuhan akan akses ke pembiayaan internasional, di mana ketidakpatuhan terhadap standar FATF menciptakan hambatan struktural bagi mitra keuangan non-Barat, yang kini menjadi andalan utama sistem keuangan Rusia. Kedua, terdapat momentum kelembagaan Rosfinmonitoring, yang telah membangun kapasitas teknis dan infrastruktur operasional berdasarkan standar FATF selama lebih dari dua dekade, menciptakan ketergantungan jalur yang sulit untuk dibalik. Ketiga, saluran EAG, sebagai jembatan yang terus-menerus antara rezim, memungkinkan interaksi normatif yang berkelanjutan meskipun keanggotaan langsung FATF ditangguhkan. Keempat, terdapat kemauan politik dan kepentingan kedaulatan regulasi, di mana adopsi standar internasional secara proaktif dipilih sebagai instrumen untuk mempertahankan kendali atas sektor keuangan digital domestik. Temuan ini menegaskan argumen inti Krasner tentang teori rezim bahwa pengaruh normatif rezim internasional terhadap perilaku negara dapat bertahan, dan bahkan meningkat, jauh melampaui batas keanggotaan formal. This study examines why Russia adopted Financial Action Task Force (FATF) standards when developing national regulations on money laundering through cryptocurrencies in the 2022–2025 period, despite active membership in the organization having been suspended since February 2023. Using Krasner's international regime theory and descriptive qualitative research methods, the study analyzes Russian domestic regulations, operational data from Rosfinmonitoring, and the dynamics of regional cooperation through the Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (EAG). The study concludes that Russia's adoption of FATF standards was not accidental, but driven by four concurrent and mutually reinforcing mechanisms. First, reputational pressures and the need for access to international financing, where non-compliance with FATF standards creates structural barriers for non-Western financial partners, on whom the Russian financial system now relies primarily. Second, there is institutional momentum within Rosfinmonitoring, which has built technical capacity and operational infrastructure based on FATF standards over more than two decades, creating a path dependency that is difficult to reverse. Third, the EAG channel, as a persistent bridge between regimes, allows for continued normative interaction despite the suspension of direct FATF membership. Fourth, there is political will and regulatory sovereignty interests, where proactive adoption of international standards is chosen as an instrument to maintain control over the domestic digital financial sector. These findings confirm Krasner's core argument in regime theory that the normative influence of international regimes on state behavior can persist, and even increase, far beyond formal membership.

Item Type:	Other
Subjects:	?? 300 ?? ?? 320 ?? ?? 322 ??
Divisions:	?? hubungan_internasional ??
Depositing User:	2606816075 Digilib
Date Deposited:	10 Jul 2026 07:31
Last Modified:	10 Jul 2026 07:31
URI:	http://digilib.unila.ac.id/id/eprint/102452

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