ANALISIS GENETIKA KUANTITATIF UNTUK SIFAT VEGETATIF DAN GENERATIF PADA TIGA KULTIVAR JAGUNG MANIS

NN, YORRENSA ULAN SARI (2012) ANALISIS GENETIKA KUANTITATIF UNTUK SIFAT VEGETATIF DAN GENERATIF PADA TIGA KULTIVAR JAGUNG MANIS. Digital Library.

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ANALISIS GENETIKA KUANTITATIF.pdf

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DAFTAR GAMBAR.pdf

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Abstrak

Abstrak Jagung manis merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi karena banyak disukai oleh masyarakat. Pemuliaan dilakukan pada tanaman jagung manis untuk memperbaiki sifat-sifat kualitatif maupun kuantitatif dan salah satu program pemuliaan yang dilakukan adalah seleksi. Analisis ragam genetik dilakukan untuk mengetahui sifat-sifat yang diwariskan dari tetua yang berada di ekosistem tempat ia tumbuh. Besarnya keragaman genetik suatu sifat dalam populasi akan mempengaruhi besarnya heritabilitas. Semakin besar nilai heritabilitas, semakin besar pula peluang sifat tersebut dapat diwariskan kepada zuriat turunannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) perbedaan sifat vegetatif dan generatif pada tiga kultivar jagung manis dan jika dibandingkan dengan standar Yorrensa Ulan Sari komersial; (2) ragam genetik dan heritabilitas broad-sense ketiga kultivar jagung manis; dan (3) segregasi epistatik dialel 9 bulat: 7 kisut dan 12 bulat: 4 kisut. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak nonfaktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Lini zuriat yang digunakan adalah LASS Kuning Bulat (KuBu), LASS Kuning kisut (Kuki), dan LAW putih Bulat (puBu). Data diambil dari variabel vegetatif dan generatif dan dilakukan analisis ragam. Pemeringkatan ketiga kultivar jagung manis dilakukan berdasarkan Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) 5 %. Berdasarkan kuadrat nilai tengah harapan yang diperoleh dari analisis ragam, maka dihitung ragam genetik (σ2g), heritabilitas broad-sense (h2BS), dan koefisien keragaman genetik (KKg). Segregasi warna dan bentuk biji diuji dengan uji Goodness of Fit Chi-Squared (χ2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kultivar LASS KuBu, LASS Kuki, dan LAW puBu tidak berbeda untuk variabel vegetatif dan generatif. Ketiga kultivar yang diuji memiliki peringkat yang sama. Nilai ragam genetik dan heritabilitas tidak terbukti (= 0). Kultivar LASS KuBu bersegregasi sesuai nisbah Mendel 12 bulat: 4 kisut. Kultivar LASS Kuki tidak bersegregasi untuk bentuk biji karena biji kisut (true type) adalah resesif homozigot. Abstract Sweet corn is one of the horticulture commodities of high economic value. Markets require a great volume of the sweet corn. Plant breeders conduct selection on the sweet corn plants to improve their vegetative and generative traits. The selection in a breeding program results in a better qualitative and quantitative properties. Analysis of variance (anova) determines the genetic variances inherited from the parents. The amount of genetic variance of a trait in a population affects the magnitude of heritability in the environment where it grows. The greater the value of heritability, the greater the probability of the progenies to inherit these properties, and the smaller the effects of the environment to hamper the inheritance. The study aimed to determine: (1) the vegetative and generative traits in three sweet corn cultivars and to compare the traits with the commercial standard; (2) the genetic variances and broad-sense heritabilities of the cultivars; and (3) the Yorrensa Ulan Sari diallel-epistatic segregation of the seeds following 9 Round: 7 wrinkle and 12 Round: 4 wrinkle. The study employed a non-factorial randomized complete-block design with three replications. The progeny lines of LASS Round-Yellow, LASS wrinkle-Yellow, and LAW Round-white cultivars were evaluated. The anova determined differences among traits and the Tukey’s HSD 5 % was used to rank the lines. Furthermore the mean squares of the anova calculated for their expected values. The expected values calculated for genetic variance (σ2g), broad-sense heritability (h2BS), and genetic coefficient of variability (CVg) values. A test of goodness of fit χ2 established the segregation of seed shape and color. The results showed that there were no differences among the LASS RoundYellow, LASS wrinkle-Yellow, and LAW Round-white cultivars for the vegetative and generative traits. Therefore the three cultivars were at the same rank. The values of the genetic variance (σ2g) and the broad-sense heritability (h2BS) were not existing, or were not different from zero. The LASS Roundyellow cultivar fitted a Mendelian segregation ratio of the seeds of 12 Round: 4 wrinkle. The LASS wrinkle-Yellow cultivar did not segregate either for the seed shape or seed color. This cultivar was homozygous for the seed shape and color, and produced wrinkle seeds true type for a sweet corn.

Jenis Karya Akhir: Artikel
Subyek:
Program Studi: Fakultas Pertanian > Prodi Magister Ekonomi Pertanian
Pengguna Deposit: tik9 . Digilib
Date Deposited: 26 Jan 2016 04:53
Terakhir diubah: 26 Jan 2016 04:53
URI: http://digilib.unila.ac.id/id/eprint/20343

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