PUJI LESTARI, 1124011007 (2014) ANT DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE IN THREE TYPES OF COCOA PLANTATION DIVERSITAS DAN KELIMPAHAN SEMUT PADA TIGA TIPE PERKEBUNAN KAKAO. Masters thesis, Universitas Lampung.
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Abstrak (Berisi Bastraknya saja, Judul dan Nama Tidak Boleh di Masukan)
The objectives of this research were (1) to observe ant diversity and abundance in three types cocoa plantation and (2) to correlate ant abundance and environmental factors in the cocoa plantation. Observations were done on cocoa plantations type 1 (cocoa plantation with less shade trees, 6.9% ), type 2 (cocoa plantation with medium shade trees, 13.6%), and type 3 (cocoa plantation with more shade trees, 52.3%). The plantations were located at Cipadang Village, Gedongtataan Subdistrict, Pesawaran District-Lampung. Ant sampling was done at 15 sample points on each cocoa plantation type using three methods, i.e. manually (for tree-dwelling ants), using pitfall traps (for soil-surface active ants), and using winkler (for litter dwelling ants). Results showed that ant diversity and abundance vary between cocoa plantation types. Highest ant diversity index was shown by cocoa plantation type 2 (Shannon’s index = 1.92 for litter ants, 1.54 for surface-active ants, and 1.77 for tree ants). Ant diversity index decreased in plantation type 3 (Shannon’s index = 1.13 for litter ants and 0.74 for tree ants) and in plantation type 1 (Shannon’s index = 0.75 for surface-active ants). Ant morphospecies assemblage in cocoa plantation type 2 was more similar to that in plantation type 3 (Sorensens’s index = 76,7%) than that in plantation type 1 (Sorensen’s index = 56.7%). Ant morphospecies assemblage in plantation type 1 and that in plantation type 3 were less similar (Sorensen’s index = 53.6%). The highest abundance of litter and tree ants was found in cocoa plantation type 3. More shade trees in cocoa plantation increased abundance of those ants. Abundance of soil surface-active ants did not differ between cocoa plantation types. The most dominant ant morphospecies in cocoa plantation types were as follow. Plantation type 1: Monomorium sp. 2 (in litter and cocoa trees) and Pheidologeton sp. 1 (on soil surface). Plantation tyipe 2: Pheidologeton sp. 1 (on soil surface and litter) and Dolichoderus sp. 1 (in cocoa trees). Plantation type 3: Hypoponera sp. 1 (on soil surface), Pheidologeton sp. 1 (in litter), and Dolichoderus sp. 1 (in cocoa trees). Environmental factors in cocoa plantation that positively correlated with litter ant abundance were litter thickness (r = 0.77** in plantation type 1, r = 0.65** in plantation type 2, r = 0.64** in plantation type 3), soil pH (r = 0.63* in plantation type 1, r = 0.71** in plantation type 2, r = 0.67** in plantation type 3), and soil moisture content (r = 0.53* in plantation type 1, r = 0.52* in plantation type 2, r = 0.61* in plantation type 3). Soil temperature and litter C/N did not correlate with litter ant abundance. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mengetahui keragaman dan kelimpahan semut pada tiga tipe kebun kakao dan (2) mengetahui korelasi antara kelimpahan semut dan beberapa faktor lingkungan di kebun kakao. Tipe-tipe kebun kakao yang diamati adalah tipe 1 (kebun kakao dengan sedikit pohon penaung; 6,9% ), tipe 2 (kebun kakao dengan jumlah pohon penaung sedang; 13,6%), dan tipe 3 (kebun kakao dengan banyak pohon penaung; 52,3%). Ketiga kebun kakao tersebut berlokasi di Desa Cipadang, Kecamatan Gedongtataan, Kabupaten Pesawaran-Lampung. Pengambilan sampel semut dilakukan pada 15 titik sampel pada masing-masing tipe kebun kakao secara manual (di tajuk tanaman kakao), menggunakan perangkap pitfall (di permukaan tanah), dan menggunakan metode winkler (di serasah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman dan kelimpahan semut bervariasi antartipe kebun kakao.Keragaman semut tertinggi terdapat pada kebun kakao tipe 2 (indeks Shannon = 1,92 untuk semut serasah; 1,54 untuk semut permukaan tanah; dan 1, 77 untuk semut tajuk tanaman). Keragaman semut menurun pada kebun kakao tipe 3 (indeks Shannon = 1,13 untuk semut serasah dan 0,74 untuk semut tajuk tanaman). Pada kebun kakao tipe 1 keragaman semut juga menurun (indeks Shannon = 0,75 untuk semut permukaan tanah). Komposisi morfospesies semut pada kebun kakao tipe 2 lebih mirip dengan komposisi morfospesies semut pada kebun kakao tipe 3 (indeks Sorensen = 76, 7%) daripada dengan komposisi morfospesies semut pada kebun kakao tipe 1 (indeks Sorensen = 56,7%). Komposisi morfospesies semut pada kebun kakao tipe 1 dan tipe 3 kurang mirip (indeks Sorensen = 53,6%). Pola kelimpahan semut berbeda dengan pola keragamannya. Kelimpahan semut tertinggi (semut serasah dan semut tajuk tanaman) terdapat pada kebun kakao Tipe 3. Meningkatnya jumlah pohon naungan pada kebun kakao nampaknya menaikkan kelimpahan semut-semut tersebut. Namun, kelimpahan semut permukaan tanah tidak berbeda antartipe kebun kakao. Morfospesies-morfospesies semut yang paling dominan pada masing-masing tipe kebun kakao adalah sebagai berikut. Kebun kakao tipe 1: Monomorium sp. 2 (di serasah dan tajuk tanaman) dan Pheidologeton sp. 1 (di permukaan tanah). Kebun kakao tipe 2: Pheidologeton sp. 1 (di permukaan tanah dan serasah) dan Dolichoderus sp. 1 (di tajuk tanaman). Kebun kakao tipe 3: Hypoponera sp. 1 (di permukaan tanah), Pheidologeton sp. 1 (di serasah), dan Dolichoderus sp. 1 (di tajuk tanaman). Faktor-faktor lingkungan pada kebun kakao yang berkorelasi positif dengan kelimpahan semut seresah adalah tebal seresah (r = 0,77** pada tipe 1; r = 0,65** pada tipe 2; dan r = 0,64** pada tipe 3), pH tanah (r = 0,63* pada tipe 1; r = 0,71** pada tipe 2; dan r = 0,67** pada tipe 3), dan kelembaban tanah (r = 0,53* pada tipe 1; r = 0,52* pada tipe 2; dan r = 0,61* pada tipe 3). Suhu tanah dan C/N rasio seresah tidak berkorelasi dengan kelimpahan semut serasah.
| Jenis Karya Akhir: | Tesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Subyek: | > Karya Karya Umum = 000 |
| Program Studi: | Fakultas Pertanian dan Pascasarjana > Prodi Magister Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Pengguna Deposit: | UPT Perpustakaan Unila |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Sep 2014 02:00 |
| Terakhir diubah: | 29 Sep 2014 02:00 |
| URI: | http://digilib.unila.ac.id/id/eprint/3538 |
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