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AKTIFITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BUAH MANGROVE Rhizophora sp. TERHADAP BAKTERI Vibrio spp.
Abstrak Vibrio spp. merupakan salah satu bakteri pathogen pada ikan dan udang. Penanggulangan penyakit vibriosis dengan antibiotik mulai ditinggalkan, karena berbagai dampak negatif yang muncul. Berbagai macam bahan alami dilaporkan memiliki kandungan senyawa antibakteri. Mangrove jenis Rhizophora sp. merupakan salah satu bahan alami yang berpotensi sebagai sumber obat-obatan dan senyawa antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktifitas antibakteri ekstrak buah mangrove Rhizophora sp. sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri Vibrio spp (V. alginolyticus, V.vulnivicus, V. parahaemolyticus, dan V. ordalii). Buah Rhizopora sp. di ekstrak dengan 3 jenis pelarut berdasarkan sifat kepolaran yaitu metanol (polar), etil asetat (semi polar), dan heksana (non polar). Ekstrak diuji aktifitas antibakterinya terhadap empat spesies V. alginolyticus, V.vulnivicus, V. parahaemolyticus, dan V. ordalii dengan tahapan uji sensitifitas, uji zona hambat, uji MIC, uji MBC, uji toksisitas dan uji inhibition time course. Hasil uji antibakteri menunjukan bahwa ekstrak buah mangrove Rhizophora sp. yang diekstrak dengan bahan pelarut etil asetat, memiliki potensi paling besar dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri V. Alginolyticus dengan nilai MIC 300 ppm dan nilai MBC sebesar 400 ppm. Uji Toksisitas (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) menunjukan nilai toksisitas ekstrak buah mangrove Rhizophora sp. yang diekstrak dengan bahan pelarut etil asetat sebesar 859 mg/l hal ini menunjukan bahwa ekstrak buah mangrove Rhizopora sp. bersifat toksik dan tidak dapat digunakan pada uji in vivo. Hasil Uji Inhibition Time Course pada jam ke 6 ekstrak buah Rhizopora sp. mulai dapat menghambat bakteri V. alginolyticus. Kata kunci : antibakteri, ekstrak Rhizophora sp. Vibrio spp. Abstract Vibrio is one of pathogenic bacteria on fish and shrimp. Disease handling Vibriosis with stibiotics has been abandoned, due to various negative impacts that have showed up. A wide variety of natural products was reported to have antibacterial component. Rhizophora sp. is one of natural products which was potential as a source of drugs and component of antibacteria. Research was aimed to know antibacterial activity in fruit extract of Rhizophora sp. as an antibacteria against Vibrio spp. ( V. alginolyticus, V. vulnivicus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. ordalii ). Fruits of Rhizopora sp. were extracted by 3 sets of solvents based on the level of their polarity, which were methanol (polar), ethyl acetate (semi polar), and hexane (non-polar). The extract were tested their antibacterial activities against four species V. alginolyticus, V.vulnivicus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. ordalii. The tests were sensitivity test, inhibitory test, MIC test, MBC test, toxicity test and inhibition time course test. Antibacterial test showed that extract of Rhizophora sp. fruits dissolved by ethyl acetate was the most potential in inhibiting the growth of bacteria V. alginolyticus with the value of the MIC was 300 ppm and MBC was 400 ppm. Toxicity Test (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) showed that value of toxicity from Rhizophora sp. fruits extracted with ethyl acetate was 859 mg/l. This leaded that fruit extract of Rhizopora sp. was toxic and can not be used in in vivo experiment. The test inhibition time course showed that in 6 hours extract of Rhizopora sp. fruits began to inhibit V. alginolyticus. Keyword: antibacterial, extracts Rhizophora sp., Vibrio spp.
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