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ANALISIS PERMINTAAN PANGAN TINGKAT RUMAH TANGGA PETANI PADI DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH
Abstrak Konsumsi pangan dalam suatu rumah tangga mencerminkan besamya permintaan pangan dalam rumah tangga tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) menganalisis konsumsi pangan rumah tangga dan menganalisis (2) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan pangan rumah tangga, dan elastisitas permintaan pangan rumah tangga petani padi di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, yaitu di Kecamatan Terbanggi Besar dan Kecamatan Seputih Raman. Jumlah responden 96 rumah tangga petani padi yang diambil dengan menggunakan metode proportional random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2011. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Seemingly Unrelated Regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Jenis pangan yang banyak dikonsumsi rumah tangga petani padi yaitu beras, ikan, telur ayam, dan tempe dengan jumlah konsumsi masing-masing per bulan sebesar 40,72 kg, 4,60 kg, 1,49 kg, dan 5,10 kg. (2) Permintaan beras dipengaruhi oleh pendapatan, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, umur, harga tempe, dan etnis. Nilai elastisitas pendapatan menunjukkan beras bersifat barang normal, dan elastisitas silang pada permintaan beras memiliki hubungan komplemen terhadap tempe. Permintaan ikan dipengaruhi oleh harga tempe dan etnis, dan elastisitas silang pada permintaan ikan memiliki hubungan substitusi terhadap tempe. Permintaan telur dipengaruhi oleh jumlah anggota rumah tangga, pendidikan, harga daging sapi, harga gas elpiji, dan etnis, dan elastisitas silang pada permintaan telur memiliki hubungan komplemen terhadap gas elpiji dan substitusi terhadap daging sapi. Permintaan tempe dipengaruhi harga tahu dan harga ikan, dan elastisitas silang pada permintaan tempe memiliki hubungan substitusi terhadap tahu dan ikan. Kata Kunci : pangan, konsumsi, dan permintaan Abstract Food consumption in a household reflecting magnitude of food demand in the household. This study aimed to: (1) analyze household food consumption, and to identify (2) factors that affect of food demand, and elasticity food demand of household paddy farmers in Central Lampung District. The research was conducted in Central Lampung District, in Seputih Raman and Terbanggi Besar Sub-District. 96 respondents of paddy farmers household were taken with proportional random sampling. Data were collected in June 2011. The analysis methods used to answer the purposes of this research is Seemingly Unrelated Regression. The results showed that: (1) The type of food consumed per month by paddy farmer’s household were rice, fish, eggs, and soybeans with the consumption of rice, fish, eggs, and soybeans were 40,72 kg, 4,60 kg, 1,49 kg, and 5,10 kg respectively. (2) The demand of rice was affected by income, household members, age, soybean prices, and ethnics. Value of income elasticity showed that rice was a normal goods, and cross-elasticity of demand for rice has a complementary to soybean. Demand of fish was affected by soybean prices and ethnics, and cross-elasticity of the demand for fish has a substitution to soybean. Demand of eggs was affected by household members, education, beef prices, LPG gas prices, and ethnics, and cross-elasticity of the demand for eggs has a complementary to the LPG gas and the substitution of beef. Demand of soybean was affected by tofu prices and and fish prices, the cross elasticity in demand of soybean has a substitution to the tofu and fish. Keywords : food, consumption, and demand
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