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ANALYSIS OF FARMERS INCOME TOWARD QUALITY OF SMALLHOLDER RUBBER IN KECAMATAN LAMBU KIBANG KABUPATEN TULANG BAWANG
Abstrak Penelitian bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya kualitas karet di tingkat usahatani pada desa program dan non-program. (2) mengidentifikasi upaya-upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh petani desa program dan non-program dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas karet alam yang diproduksi. (3) menganalisis tambahan pendapatan petani terhadap peningkatan kualitas karet. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di dua desa di Kecamatan Lambu Kibang Kabupaten Tulang Bawang Barat. Data yang digunakan meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer dikumpulkan dari 85 responden petani karet secara acak sederhana (Simple Random Sampling) pada bulan Mei hingga Juni 2012. Analisis pertama yang digunakan yaitu Analisis Komponen Utama untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya kualitas karet. Analisis kedua yang digunakan adalah Analisis Pendapatan untuk menganalisis tambahan pendapatan petani terhadap peningkatan kualitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU) di Desa Program diperoleh tiga komponen faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas karet rakyat, yaitu: komponen 1 (pemeliharaan, perlengkapan, tenaga kerja, pemupukan, dan waktu); komponen 2 (bibit dan sadap); dan komponen 3 (konsumsi dan motivasi). AKU di Desa Non-program, yaitu : komponen 1 (pemeliharaan, pemungutan, pemupukan, dan waktu); komponen 2 (bibit, motivasi, dan tenaga kerja); komponen 3 (konsumsi dan sadap). (2) Aktivitas petani melakukan upaya peningkatan kualitas karet yaitu membersihkan bak penampung, menjaga koagulump dari kotoran, menggunakan penyadap terlatih, membersihkan mangkuk penampung lateks sebelum menyadap, memisahkan jenis-jenis koagulump, dan menggunakan asam semut sebagai pembeku. (3) Analisis tambahan pendapatan,terhadap peningkatan kualitas karet berupa penggunaan asam semut sebagai koagulan menguntungkan bagi petani dan mampu memberikan tambahan pendapatan petani di desa program lebih tinggi sebesar Rp 2.850.363,37 dibandingkan pendapatan desa non-program sebesar Rp 972.785,87 sebelum maupun setelah upaya peningkatan kualitas . Kata Kunci : Analisis Komponen Utama, Asam semut, Kualitas Karet, Keuntungan, dan Pendapatan. Abstract The research aimed to: (1) identify the factors that affect the less quality of the rubber at the farm in the village program and non-program. (2) identify the efforts that have been made by the village farmers program and non-program in order to improve the quality of natural rubber produced. (3) analyze additional farmer‟s income to increase the quality of the rubber. This study was conducted in two villages in the Kecamatan Lambu Kibang Kabupaten Tulang Bawang Barat. Data used including primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected randomly from 85 respondent‟s rubber farmers (Simple Random Sampling) in May and June 2012.The first aim was to analyzed by using the Principal Component Analysis to identify factors affecting the less quality of rubber. The second aim was examined by Income Analysis for evaluating additional income from the improvement of rubber‟s quality. The results showed that: (1) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Village of Program acquired the three components of factors that affect quality of smallholder rubber they are: component 1 (maintenance, equipment, labor, fertilizer, and time); component 2 (seeds and tapping) and component 3 (consumption and motivation). PCA in the village of Non-program are: component 1 (maintenance, harvesting, fertilizing, and time); component 2 (seeds, motivation, and labor); component 3 (consumption and tapping). (2) Activities of farmers that makes efforts to improve the quality of the rubber are tank cleaning, maintaining koagulump of dirt, using trained tappers, clean the bowl before tapping latex container, separating the types koagulump, and using formic acid as a coagulant. (3) Analysis of additional income show that improving the quality of rubber in the form of the use of formic acid as a coagulant was profitable for farmers and able to provide an additional income of farmers in the village program is Rp 2,850,363.37 higher than non-program village income of Rp 972,785.87 before and after the quality improvement efforts. Keywords: Formic Acid, Income, Increased, Principal Component Analysis, Profits, Quality Of Rubber
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