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PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI CABAI DI KECAMATAN GISTING KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mempelajari keragaan pendapatan rumah tangga petani cabai, (2) mempelajari tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani cabai, dan (3) menganalisis pengaruh pendapatan rumah tangga petani cabai terhadap tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani cabai. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Gisting Atas dan Gisting Permai. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah petani cabai merah besar sebanyak 42 orang yang dipilih secara acak. Tujuan pertama dihitung dengan analisis pendapatan rumah tangga, tujuan kedua dianalisis secara objektif dan subjektif, serta tujuan ketiga dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi binary logit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) keragaan pendapatan rumah tangga petani cabai di Kecamatan Gisting Kabupaten Tanggamus terbagi menjadi tiga bagian yaitu: pendapatan dari kegiatan usahatani cabai rata-rata Rp10.307.393,91/tahun, pendapatan dari usahatani lainnya yaitu: tomat, sawi, rampai, buncis, daun seledri, daun bawang, terung, kacang tanah, labu siam, kol, kubis, salak, kelapa, pala, pisang, padi, kopi, bertenak dan menjadi buruh tani rata-rata Rp10.932.261,90/tahun, dan pendapatan dari kegiatan non usahatani yaitu: pedagang, buruh bangunan, pegawai swasta, tukang ojek, dan supir rata-rata Rp4.902.380,95/tahun. Pendapatan yang diperoleh digunakan petani untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangganya dan sebagai modal untuk kegiatan usahatani atau usaha lainnya; (2) secara objektif sebanyak 34 rumah tangga memiliki tingkat ketahanan pangan tinggi (80,95%) dan 8 rumah tangga (19,05%) memiliki tingkat ketahanan pangan rendah, sedangkan secara subjektif tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani cabai cenderung pada kategori sedang; dan (3) pendapatan rumah tangga petani cabai berpengaruh secara positif terhadap tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani cabai, serta memiliki nilai odds ratio sebesar 1,011. Kata Kunci: ketahanan pangan, pendapatan, petani, rumah tangga, dan usahatani cabai ABSTRAK BAHASA INGGRIS This research aimed to: (1) learn many kinds of the chili farmers’ household income, (2) learn the food security rate of the chili farmers’ household, and (3) analyze the influence of the chili farmers’ income against the food security rate of the chili farmers’ household. This research was held in Gisting Atas Village and Gisting Permai Village. The respondents are red chili farmers’ with the amount sample were 42 people which were chosen randomly. The first aim is counted the household income, the second aim is analyzed objectively and subjectively, and the third is analyzed by using binary logit regression. The results showed that (1) Many kinds of household income of the chili farmers consist of chili farming business on the average Rp10.307.393,91/year, the income of other farming plants business were tomatos, mustard greens, potpourri, beans, celery, leeks, eggplant, peanut, squash, sprouts, cabbage, coconut, nutmeg, bananas, rice, coffee, livestock and to be agricultural laborers on the average Rp10.932.261,90/year, and the income of non farming business were merchants, construction, workers, private employees, and driver on the average Rp4.902.380,95/year. The income which were used to fulfil the farmer’s household needs and as a capital for their farming business or other business; (2) Objectively as many as 34 household have food security high (80,95%) and 8 household (19,05%) have food security low, whereas subjectively the food security rate of chili farmers’ households were at medium category; and (3) The household income gives positif influence against the food security rate of chili farmers’ households, and it’s odds ratio value was 1,011. Key words: chili farming business, farmer, food security, household, and income
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