%0 Thesis
%9 Masters
%A NUR AFLAMARA ,  1324011010
%B PROGRAM PASCASARJANA MAGISTER AGRONOMI 
%D 2016
%F eprints:23632
%I UNIVERSITAS LAMPUNG
%T STUDI PERKECAMBAHAN BIJI, PERTUMBUHAN  SEEDLING DAN AKLIMATISASI PLANLET ANGGREK  Phalaenopsis HIBRIDA
%U http://digilib.unila.ac.id/23632/
%X Phalaenopsis merupakan satu genus anggrek (anggota famili Orchidaceae) yang  sangat populer dan sangat menjanjikan dari segi bisnis, pangsa pasar maupun nilai  ekonominya, sehingga memberi peluang yang baik bagi pelaku usaha untuk  mengembangkan usaha anggrek. Dihasilkannya Phalaenopsis hibrida unggul  baru melalui pemuliaan tanaman secara terus-menerus merupakan salah satu kunci  keberhasilan usaha peranggrekan nasional, karena selera konsumen yang selalu  berubah. Salah satu kendala yang sering dihadapi oleh para penganggrek di  Indonesia adalah lemahnya penguasaan teknologi pengecambahan biji,  pembesaran seedling dan aklimatisasi planlet. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga  percobaan yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengecambahan biji, pertumbuhan  seedling in vitro, serta aklimatisasi dan pertumbuhan planlet anggrek  Phalaenopsis hibrida. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini diawali dengan pemilihan  tanaman induk, persilangan dialel lengkap dua tetua Phalaenopsis hibrida, yaitu  (Phalaenopsis berbunga pink muda dengan labelum merah tua x Phalaenopsis  berbunga ungu matang dengan labelum merah tua) dilanjutkan dengan  pemeliharaan tanaman induk hingga polong buah masak hijau. Polong buah  berbiji digunakan sebagai bahan untuk percobaan pengecambahan biji dan  seedling dari hasil pertumbuhan protokorm digunakan untuk bahan percobaan  pertumbuhan seedling in vitro. Planlet Phalaenopsis hibrida dari nursery  digunakan untuk percobaan aklimatisasi planlet. Semua aktivitas penelitian  tersebut dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Tanaman mulai dari April 2014  hingga Juni 2015.  Ketiga percobaan dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL)  yang perlakuannya disusun secara faktorial (2x3). Setiap kombinasi perlakuan  diulang tiga kali. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis ragam dan jika terdapat  perbedaan antar perlakuan dilakukan pemisahan nilai tengah dengan uji beda  nyata terkecil (BNT) pada taraf nyata 5%. Percobaan 1 bertujuan untuk  mempelajari pengaruh media dasar (MS atau Growmore biru 2,5 g /l) dan  penambahan kinetin (0, 0,5, 1,0) terhadap pengecambahan biji dan pertumbuhan  protokorm Phalaenopsis hibrida in vitro. Setelah 2 bulan sejak biji disemai  dilakukan pengamatan banyaknya biji yang berkecambah dengan cara memberi  skor pada rentang 1 (biji yang berkecambah sedikit), 2 (biji yang berkecambah  agak banyak), 3 (biji yang berkecambah banyak), hingga 4 (biji yang  berkecambah sangat banyak). Pertumbuhan protokorm diukur dengan  menghitung persentase protokorm yang sudah membentuk primordia daun, dan  bobot 100 protokorm. Percobaan II bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh media  dasar (MS atau Growmore biru 2,5 g /l) dan kinetin (0, 0,5, 1,0 mg/l) terhadap  pertumbuhan seedling Phalaenopsis hibrida in-vitro. Tinggi tanaman, jumlah  daun, jumlah tunas, jumlah akar, panjang akar, bobot segar akar, dan bobot segar  tanaman diamati setelah 3 (tiga) bulan dikulturkan. Percobaan III bertujuan untuk  mempelajari pengaruh media aklimatisasi (serutan kayu gergaji atau serat sabut  kelapa) dan zat pengatur tumbuh benziladenin (BA) atau gibberelic acid (GA),  masing-masing 30 mg/l terhadap keberhasilan aklimatisasi dan pertumbuhan  planlet anggrek Phalaenopsis hibrida. Persentase keberhasilan aklimatisasi,  jumlah, panjang, dan diameter daun, jumlah dan panjang akar, serta bobot segar  planlet diamati pada umur empat bulan setelah planlet berada di kondisi ex vitro.  Hasil percobaan I menunjukkan bahwa pada umur dua bulan setelah biji disemai,  banyaknya biji yang berkecambah secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh media dasar,  dan konsentrasi kinetin, namun tidak terdapat interaksi antar kedua faktor. Media  Growmore biru 2,5 g/l menghasilkan biji berkecambah yang lebih banyak  daripada media MS. Demikian juga, penambahan 1 mg/l kinetin meningkatkan  banyaknya biji berkecambah, sedangkan penambahan 0,5 mg/l kinetin tidak  berpengaruh. Walaupun demikian, untuk pertumbuhan protokorm, tanpa kinetin  media MS lebih baik daripada media Growmore karena menghasilkan persentase  protokorm yang sudah membentuk primordia daun dan bobot 100 protokorm  tertinggi. Media Growmore yang ditambah dengan 0,5 atau 1 mg/l kinetin  menghasilkan persen protokorm berprimordia daun cukup tinggi. Oleh karena itu,  media Growmore + 1 mg/l kinetin dapat digunakan untuk pengecambahan biji  Phalaenopsis hibrida sebagai alternatif yang mudah dan murah untuk  menggantikan media MS.  Hasil percobaan II menunjukkan bahwa setelah tiga bulan di dalam kultur in vitro,  pertumbuhan seedling Phalaenopsis hibrida in vitro secara umum tidak  dipengaruhi media dasar kecuali jumlah tunas dan panjang akar, dimana media  Growmore menghasilkan jumlah tunas yang lebih banyak dan akar lebih panjang  dibandingkan dengan media MS. Penambahan kinetin ke dalam media MS  maupun Growmore maupun interaksi antar kedua faktor juga tidak berpengaruh  terhadap semua variabel pertumbuhan seedling yang diamati.  Hasil percobaan III menunjukkan bahwa pada umur empat bulan sejak planlet  dikeluarkan dari botot, baik jenis media, penambahan ZPT dan interaksi antara  kedua tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase keberhasilan aklimatisasi,  jumlah daun, panjang akar dan bobot segar planlet. Media serutan kayu gergaji  maupun serat sabut kelapa, baik dengan maupun tanpa BA atau GA, semuanya  dapat digunakan untuk aklimatisasi anggrek Phalaenopsis hibrida karena  menghasilkan keberhasilan aklimatisasi 100%, namun media serutan kayu gergaji  sedikit lebih baik daripada serat sabut kelapa karena menghasilkan diameter daun  lebih tinggi.  Kata kunci: Phalaenopsis hibrida, media dasar, kinetin, perkecambahan biji, in  vitro, pertumbuhan seedling, aklimatisasi planlet, serutan kayu gergaji, serat sabut  kelapa, BA, GA.    abstract    Phalaenopsis is a worldwide popular genus in Orchidaceae which has an  economically promising prospect due to its beauty and long lasting vase life.  Continuous production of new hybrids of Phalaenopsis is needed to meet  consumers’ taste changes. Among the technical constraints which are experienced  by orchid breeder in Indonesia are low seed germination and seedling growth, and  variable success of plantlet acclimatization. This research consisted of three  studies in the breeding activities of Phalaenopsis, namely: (1) Effects of basal  media and kinetin concentrations on in vitro seed germination and protocorm  growth; (2) Effects of basal media and kinetin concentrations on in vitro seedling  growth; and (3) Effects of potting media and growth regulators application on  survival and plantlet growth during acclimatization. Two of flowering hybrid  Phalaenopsis plants (light pink petal with dark red labellum x purple petals with  dark red labellum) were selected as parent plants for dialel mating to produce  green mature seedpods which were subsequently used for the seed germination  experiment. Seedlings resulted from the growing protocorms from the first  experiment were used as plant materials in the second experiment. Parallel with  the first and the second experiments, the acclimatization study was conducted  using Phalaenopsis plantlets obtained from a nursery in Malang, East Java. All of  the steps mention above were conducted in Plant Science Laboratory, Faculty of  Agriculture, Lampung University, Indonesia since April 2014 to June 2015.  Each experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three  replicates, namely : (1) Effects of basal medium (MS vs 2.5 g/l Growmore  Compound Fertilizer, NPK 32:10:10) and kinetin concentrations (0, 0.5 and  1mg/l) on in vitro Phalaneopsis seed germination; (2) Effects of basal medium  (MS vs 2.5 g/l Growmore compound Fertilizer, NPK 32:10:10) and kinetin  concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1mg/l) on in vitro seedling growth; and (3) Effects of  media (saw shredded woods vs coconut husk fibre) and application of growth  regulators (30 mg/l benzyladenine (BA) or 30 mg/l of gibberelic acid (GA) on  survival and growth of Phalaenopsis plantlets. Scoring of the amount of seed  germinated, percent of protocorms with leaf primordia, and fresh weight of 100  protocorms were recorded at two months after seed sowing. In the study of  seedling growth, length and width of leaves, number of leaves, number of roots,  length of longest roots and seedling fresh weight were recorded after the seedlings  were three months in culture. In the study of plantlet acclimatization, plantlet  survival, number of leaves, length and width of leaves, number and length of roots  and plantlet fresh weights were recorded at four months after the placement of  plantlets in ex vitro condition. All data were subjected to analysis of variance, if  there be any significant difference among treatments, mean separations were  calculated using least significant difference (LSD) at α=0.05.  Results the first experiment showed that at two months after seed sowing, the  amount of seed germinated was significantly affected by both basal media and  addition of kinetin, but not the interaction between the two factors. Growmore  medium resulted in much higher amount of seeds germinated than those in MS  medium. Furthermore, addition of 1 mg/l kinetin also increased the amount of  seeds germinated. However, for the growth of protocorms, which indicated by the  proportion of protocorms with leaf primordia compared to globular ones and fresh  weight of 100 protocorms, MS medium devoid kinetin was better than Growmore  or other treatments assigned. Since the growth of protocorms produced by  Growmore supplemented with 1 mg/l kinetin was still good for further growth, it  was concluded that 2.5 g/l Growmore supplemented with 1 mg/l kinetin was the  best medium for hybrid Phalaenopsis seed germination.  Results of the second study showed that after three months in culture,  Phalaenopsis seedlings growth in general was not affected by basal media tested,  with the exception that Growmore medium resulted in higher number of shoots  and longer roots compared to MS medium. In addition, neither addition of kinetin  in the medium nor interaction between the two factors influenced Phalaenopsis  seedling growth, as shown by no significant difference in all variables observed.  Therefore, it could be concluded that 2.5 g/l Growmore could be used as a good  alternative to MS medium for Phalaenopsis seedling growth.  Results of the third study showed that after four months in ex vitro condition,  neither the potting media (saw-shredded woods or coconut husk fibre) nor growth  regulators added (BA or GA), nor the interaction between the two factors affected  plantlet survival and plant growth as shown by no difference in the number of  leaves, length of roots, and fresh weight of plantlets, with the exception that the  saw-shredded woods produced more number of leaves compared to or coconut  husk fibre. Therefore, both media tested, with or without application of BA or  GA were suitable for Phalaenopsis plantlet acclimatization, since all treatments  resulted in 100 % plantlet survival with almost the same growth.  Key Words: Hybrid Phalaenopsis, basal media, kinetin, in vitro, seed  germination, seedling growth, plantlet acclimatization, saw-shredded woods,  coconut husk fibre, benzyladenine, gibberelic acid.