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SENGKETA BATAS WILAYAH INDONESIA-MALAYSIA DI PERAIRAN AMBALAT TERRITORY BORDER DISPUTE OF INDONESIA-MALAYSIA IN AMBALAT WATERS
. ABSTRAK SENGKETA BATAS WILAYAH INDONESIA-MALAYSIA DI PERAIRAN AMBALAT Oleh Muhammad Aden Saputra Sengketa batas wilayah di perairan Ambalat Kalimantan Utara merupakan perebutan wilayah kedaulatan yang cukup panjang antara Indonesia dan Malaysia (Delimitasi). Kurang tegasnya pemerintah dalam menyelesaikan masalah lewat diplomasi dan ketimpangan kekuatan laut antara Indonesia dan Malaysia menjadi salah satu penyebab Malaysia sering melakukan pelanggaran di Perairan Ambalat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (a) mendeskripsikan kronologi terjadinya sengketa; (b) menganalisa strategi penyelesaian pemerintah Indonesia pada sengketa di Perairan Ambalat; (c) mengkaji problematika pemerintah Indonesia dalam penyelesaian sengketa di Perairan Ambalat. Metode penelitian ini tergolong tipe deskriptif dan historis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, studi dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sengketa batas wilayah antara Indonesia-Malaysia di Perairan Ambalat merupakan kelanjutan dari kepemilikan Malaysia atas Sipadan-Ligitan. Ketimpangan kekuatan pertahanan laut antara Indonesia-Malaysia juga menyebakan arogansi Malaysia meningkat. Akar permasalahan sengketa di Perairan Ambalat ada dua, yaitu aspek yuridis dan aspek kepentingan. Walaupun ada upaya operasional dan diplomasi, namun sampai sekarang sengketa di Perairan Ambalat belum selesai. Beberapa kali terjadinya pelanggaran di Perairan Ambalat disebabkan karena kurangnya perhatian dan ketegasan pemerintah dalam upaya penyelesaian sengketa. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan delapan hal, diantaranya adalah: (1) pemerintah sebaiknya lebih memperhatikan unsur kearsipan Indonesia agar persoalan Ambalat tidak senasib dengan Sipadan-Ligitan; (2) perlu adanya peningkatan kemampuan diplomat Indonesia; (3) perlu adanya peningkatan kekuatan TNI khususnya TNI AL yang besar,kuat, dan professional demi penegakan kedaulatan di laut; (4) diperlukan pemetaan kembali titik-titik perbatasan Indonesia; (5) diperlukan peran media massa untuk terus mempublikasi agar pemerintah lebih gencar dalam penanganan sengketa batas; (6) penggalakan kembali program transmigrasi khususnya di wilayah baru di perbatasan; (7) Indonesia perlu mengukuhkan visi dan misi sebagai negara maritim lewat Kebijakan Kelautan Nasional (National Ocean Policy); (8) Perlu adanya peningkatan doktrinasi oleh Kementerian Pendidikan bahwa Negara Indonesia merupakan negara maritim. Kata Kunci : Delimitasi, Sengketa, Penyelesaian Sengketa. Territory border disputes in the waters of North Borneo Ambalat is a sovereign struggle long enough between Indonesia and Malaysia (Delimitation). Lack of traction on the government to solve problems through diplomacy and sea power imbalance between Indonesia and Malaysia is one reason Malaysia is often violated in Ambalat waters. This study aims to: (a) describe the chronology of the dispute; (b) analyzing the Indonesian government's strategy in the dispute settlement in Ambalat waters; (c) examine the problems of the Indonesian government in the resolution of disputes in the waters of Ambalat. The research method is quite descriptive and historical with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, documentary studies, and literature. The results showed that the boundary dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia in the waters of Ambalat is a continuation of ownership of Malaysia on Sipadan-Ligitan. Inequality marine defense force between Indonesia and Malaysia also cause increased arrogance Malaysia. Root causes of disputes in the waters of Ambalat there are two, namely the juridical aspects and aspects of interest. Although there are operational and diplomatic efforts, but until now disputed waters Ambalat unfinished. Several times in the waters of Ambalat violations due to lack of attention and firmness of government in solving the dispute. The study recommends eight ways, which are: (1) the government should pay more attention to the issue of Indonesian archival elements Ambalat no kinship with the Sipadan-Ligitan; (2) The need to improve the ability of Indonesian diplomats; (3) a need to increase the power of the military, especially the Navy a large, powerful, and professional for the sake of upholding the sovereignty of the sea; (4) required re-mapping the Indonesian border points; (5) takes the role of mass media in order to continue to publish a more vigorous government in the handling of border disputes; (6) re-promote transmigration program, especially in new areas on the border; (7) Indonesia needs to establish a vision and mission as a maritime country through the National Marine Policy (National Ocean Policy); (8) It should be an increase in doctrinal by the Ministry of Education of the State of Indonesia that Indonesia is a maritime country. Keywords : Delitimation, Dispute, Dispute Settlement
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