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UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP FOLKLORE DI INDONESIA
Adanya sengketa folklore yang termasuk dalam kajian bidang Hak Kekayaan Intelektual menandakan selama ini, konsep yang digunakan dalam pengetahuan tradisional khususnya dalam bidang perlindungan folklore masih belum bisa diaplikasikan secara maksimal. Bahkan belum ada peraturan yang cukup mengatasi terhadap permasalahan tersebut, khususnya yang mengatur mengenai kebudayaan tradisional secara komprehensif. ukan sebagai upaya yang dapat dilakukan guna menciptakan satu bentuk kepastian hukum di bidang folklore khusunya. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini: 1) Bagaimakah Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Folklore di Indonesia, 2) Bagaimanakah Upaya Pelestarian Folklore di Indonesia. 3) Bagaimana Upaya Pemerintah dalam melindungi Folklore di Indonesia Penelitian ini bersumber dari data primer dan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan. Selanjutnya pengolahan data dilakukan melalui tahapan pemeriksaan / editing, klasifikasi data, sistematika data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan data-data yang telah diperoleh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya perlindungan hukum terhadap folklore di Indonesia dapat ditempuh dengan melakukan pengaturan pembagian economic rights antara pemerintah dan masyarakat adat, pembaharuan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Perbaikan inventarisasi terhadap folklore di indonesia, sedangkan upaya pelestarian folklore adalah dengan melakukan pendekatan komunikasi dan edukasi terhadap masyarakat, pendekatan melalui sarana pendidikan formal. Sedangkan upaya pemerintah dalam melindungi folklore adalah dengan membuat semacam undang-undang terkait perlindungan hak intelektual komunal yang di dalamnya terdapat instrument-instrumen hukum tentang Genetic Resources Traditional Knowledge Folklore (GRTKF). Upaya selanjutnya yang telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia adalah mencantumkan perlindungan folklore ke dalam Undang Undang Hak Cipta. Sayangnya, rezim perlindungan semacam ini belum sepenuhnya efektif mengingat adanya kesulitan dalam tahap implementasi. Upaya lain yang sudah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia adalah dengan mengirim delegasi ke sidang-sidang Intergovernmental Committee on IP and GRTKF yang diselenggarakan oleh WIPO. Upaya lain yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia terhadap perlindungan GRTKF antara lain dengan pembentukan Kelompok Kerja Nasional. Menteri kehakiman membentuk Kelompok Kerja bidang pendayagunaan sumber daya genetik. Kata Kunci : Folklore, Perlindungan Hukum, Pelestarian. Folklore disputes over the years, indicates the concept used in the protection of traditional knowledge, is not applied to the maximized. Especially in the protection of folklore, this was included in the study field of intellectual wealth rights. There is an absence of regulation. In particularly concerning the traditional culture, especially in the protection of folklore. The diverse cultures that exist in Indonesia are in dire need of a safeguard, especially the law protection of intellectual property. Such measures need to be done as an effort to create the law, which specifically gives a protection to the folklore. Problems in this study are: 1) How Legal Protection of Folklore in Indonesia, 2) How Conservation of Folklore in Indonesia, 3) What steps will be taken by the Government in Protecting Folklore in Indonesia. This study is derived from the primary data and secondary data. Data were collected through literature studies and field studies. In addition, the data processing is done through the stages of examination / editing, classification data, systematic, and conclusion. Analysis of data was then performed on the data that has been obtained. The results of this study indicate that the legal protection of folklore efforts in Indonesia can be reached through the perspective of judicial and non-judicial. This juridical effort is by making sharing arrangement between the government and the economic rights of indigenous peoples, the renewal of the legislation that exists and improved inventory of folklore in Indonesia. The non judicial effort is to approach communication and education to the community, by means of formal education. The government's effort in protecting folklore is to create a sort of legislation regarding the protection of communal intellectual property rights. Which have a legal instrument on Traditional Knowledge Genetic Resources Folklore (GRTKF). Subsequent attempts that have been made by the Government of Indonesia are to include the protection of folklore in the Copyright Act. Unfortunately, this kind of protection is not fully effective because of the difficulties in the implementation phase. Other efforts that have been undertaken by the Government of Indonesia are sending a delegation to the sessions of the Intergovernmental Committee on IP and GRTKF organized by WIPO. Furthermore, the Indonesian government can establish the National Working Group. Minister for Justice established a Working Group area utilization of genetic resources. Keywords : Folklore, Legal Protection, Conservation.
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