%A PRATIWI DIAN NELI 
%T APLIKASI ANALISIS MOLEKULER DNA MITOKONDRIA
CYTHOCROME OXYDASE SUB-UNIT 1 (COI) UNTUK KONFIRMASI
KERAGAMAN GENETIK GAJAH SUMATERA (Elephas maximus
sumatranus) BERBASIS KOTORAN DI SUGIHAN SIMPANG HERAN
%X Gajah sumatera merupakan mamalia besar dengan status kritis. Populasi gajah
sumatera berada dalam 36 kantong habitat, salah satunya Sumatera Selatan
(Sumsel) yang mengalami tekanan seperti kerusakan dan fragmentasi habitat,
perburuan liar dan konflik dengan masyarakat. Perubahan habitat mengakibatkan
masuknya gajah sumatera ke perkebunan kelapa sawit. Upaya konservasi yang
dapat dilakukan adalah pengumpulan informasi keragaman genetik secara non
invasif sampling, melalui kotoran dengan analisis molekuler gen penanda
cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Desember
2022-Februari 2023 di bawah program kegiatan Tropical Forest Conservasion
Action for Sumatera yang dilakukan oleh Pusat Kajian Sains Terapan Universitas
Sriwijaya. Tahapan penelitian yaitu pengambilan sampel, ekstraksi DNA,
amplifikasi, elektroforesis, sekuensing dan analisis data. Sampel kotoran gajah
sumatera sebanyak 25 sampel ditemukan pada enam blok area perkebunan sawit
plasma nutfah inti PT. Bumi Khatulistiwa Mandiri (BKM). Analisis pohon
filogenetik dari 18 sampel membentuk satu sluster yang sama mengindikasikan
memiliki kekerabatan yang dekat (homologi 83%-98%). Sub populasi gajah
sumatera di PT. BKM, memiliki keragaman genetik cukup baik dengan nilai variasi
genetik berdasarkan keragaman nukleotida dalam kategori sedang (Pi:0,67 dan
Hd:0,9485). Upaya konservasi yang dapat dilakukan yaitu pembuatan koridor,
kajian genetik lanjut serta pemetaan jalur aktif gajah sumatera.

Kata Kunci: analisis molekuler DNA, filogenetik, gajah sumatera, non invasif,
perubahan habitat



abstract

The Sumatran elephant is a large mammal with critical status. The Sumatran
elephant population resides in 36 habitat pockets, one of which is South Sumatra,
which is experiencing pressures such as habitat destruction and fragmentation,
poaching and conflict with the community. Habitat changes resulted in the entry of
Sumatran elephants into oil palm plantations. Conservation efforts that can be done
is to collect information on genetic diversity by non-invasive sampling, through
feces with molecular analysis of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) marker genes.
This research was carried out in December 2022-February 2023 under the Tropical
Forest Conservation Action for Sumatra activity program conducted by the Center
for Applied Science Studies, Sriwijaya University. The stages of the research were
sampling, DNA extraction, amplification, electrophoresis, sequencing and data
analysis. Samples of 25 Sumatran elephant dung samples were found in six blocks
of the nucleus germ plasma oil palm plantation area of PT. Independent Equatorial
Earth (BKM). Phylogenetic tree analysis of the 18 samples forming the same cluster
indicates that they are closely related (homology 83%-98%). Sumatran elephant
sub-population at PT. BKM, has a fairly good genetic diversity with a value of
genetic variation based on nucleotide diversity in the moderate category (Pi: 0.67
and Hd: 0.9485). Conservation efforts that can be carried out include building
corridors, further genetic studies and mapping the active paths of the sumatran
elephant.
Keywords: DNA molecular analysis, habitat change, phylogenetic, sumatran
elephant, non-invasive,
%D 2023
%I UNIVERSITAS LAMPUNG
%L eprints74205