<> "The repository administrator has not yet configured an RDF license."^^ . <> . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER"^^ . "Perubahan iklim global dan meningkatnya emisi gas rumah kaca, khususnya karbon dioksida (CO₂) di perkebunan kelapa sawit, menuntut metode pemantauan yang lebih efisien dan akurat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem pengukuran fluks karbon berbasis drone menggunakan metode Eddy Covariance. Sistem ini menggunakan frame drone DJI S800 yang dimodifikasi dan mengintegrasikannya dengan Flight Controller Pixhawk 6C dan perangkat lunak ArduPilot Mission Planner. Sensor CO₂, CH₄, suhu, kelembaban, dan tekanan udara dipasang pada drone untuk mengukur dinamika fluks karbon pada ketinggian 30, 50 dan 100 meter diatas permukaan tanah. Akuisis data dilakukan dalam kondisi hovering, dimana wahana drone terbang melayang dalam posisi statis pada ketinggian yang ditentukan. Modifikasi stuktur frame dilakukan dengan menambahkan lengan sepanjang 100 cm pada dua sisi frame dengan bahan carbon tube berdiameter 10 mm. Modifikasi ini bertujuan untuk meminimalkan turbulensi udara dari propeller yang dapat mempengaruhi kecepatan dan arah fluks karbon saat diukur. Lengan tambahan digunakan untuk penempatan sensor-sensor dan sistem kontrol Aerial Measurement Eddy Covariance System (AMES) pada satu sisi, serta payload beban penyeimbang pada sisi yang lain. Penyesuaian parameter PID dilakukan melalui ArduPilot Mission Planner untuk mengimbangi perubahan struktur dan tambahan payload, sehingga menghasilkan stabilitas penerbangan yang baik. Proses tuning berhasil mengurangi osilasi pada sumbu roll, pitch, dan yaw saat drone dalam kondisi hover untuk akuisisi data. Pengukuran dan akuisisi data dilakukan pada tiga waktu berbeda—pagi, siang, dan sore—dengan durasi sesi terbang 8–10 menit, yang diulang hingga memperoleh data minimal 30 menit dengan sensing rate sebesar 7 Hz (7 data per detik). Data yang diakuisisi dianalisis menggunakan metode korelasi Spearman dan Kendall Tau untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antar variabel lingkungan seperti suhu, kelembapan, tekanan udara, dan konsentrasi CO2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem AMES berfungsi baik dan mampu mengukur data fluks karbon dengan presisi dan akurasi tinggi. Sistem ini juga menunjukkan stabilitas penerbangan yang memadai dan kompatibilitas dengan berbagai kondisi lingkungan. Implementasi sistem ini menawarkan solusi yang lebih fleksibel, hemat biaya, dan efisien dibandingkan dengan metode tradisional berbasis menara, serta berpotensi untuk diterapkan dalam pemantauan lingkungan berskala luas.\r\nKata Kunci: Eddy Covariance, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Fluks Karbon, Spearman, Kendall Tau, Pemantauan Lingkungan.\r\n\r\nGlobal climate change and increasing greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide (CO₂) in oil palm plantations, require more efficient and accurate monitoring methods. This research aims to design and implement a drone-based carbon flux measurement system using the Eddy Covariance method. The system utilises a modified DJI S800 drone frame integrated with a Pixhawk 6C Flight Controller and ArduPilot Mission Planner software. CO₂, CH₄, temperature, humidity and air pressure sensors were mounted on the drone to measure carbon flux dynamics at 30 and 50 metres altitude. Data acquisition was carried out under hovering conditions, where the drone remains in a static position at the designed altitude. The frame structure is modified by adding 100 cm-long arms on both sides using carbon tubes with a diameter of 10 mm. This modification aims to minimize airflow turbulence from the propellers that could affect the speed and direction of carbon flux during measurement. The additional arms are used to mount sensors and the Aerial Measurement Eddy Covariance System (AMES) control system on one side, while the other side holds a counterweight payload. PID parameter adjustments were performed through ArduPilot Mission Planner to compensate for structural changes and the added payload, ensuring good flight stability. The tuning process successfully reduced oscillations in the roll, pitch, and yaw axes while the drone was hovering for data acquisition. Measurements and data collection were conducted at three different times—morning, noon, and afternoon—with each flight session lasting 8–10 minutes, repeated until a minimum of 30 minutes of data was obtained, with a sensing rate of 7 Hz (7 data points per second). The collected data were analyzed using Spearman and Kendall Tau correlation methods to evaluate the relationships between environmental variables such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, and CO₂ concentration. The results show that the AMES system functions effectively and is capable of measuring carbon flux with high precision and accuracy. The system also demonstrated adequate flight stability and compatibility with various environmental conditions. The implementation of this system provides a more flexible, cost-effective, and efficient solution compared to traditional tower-based methods and has the potential for large-scale environmental monitoring applications.\r\nKeywords: Eddy Covariance, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Carbon Flux, Spearman, Kendall Tau, Environmental Monitoring.\r\n"^^ . "2025-01-23" . . . . . "fAKULTAS TEKNIK"^^ . . . . . . . "Purwanda Putra"^^ . "Dwikashinta "^^ . "Purwanda Putra Dwikashinta "^^ . . . . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (File PDF)"^^ . . . "ABSTRAK.pdf"^^ . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (File PDF)"^^ . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (File PDF)"^^ . . . "SKRIPSI FULL TANPA BAB PEMBAHASAN.pdf"^^ . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "lightbox.jpg"^^ . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "medium.jpg"^^ . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "small.jpg"^^ . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "lightbox.jpg"^^ . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI DRONE AERIAL MEASUREMENT EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEM BERBASIS FRAME DJI S800, FLIGHT CONTROLLER PIXHAWK 6C, DAN ARDUPILOT MISSION PLANNER (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "medium.jpg"^^ . . . 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