?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=ANALISIS+KEBIJAKAN+LUAR+NEGERI+INDONESIA+DALAM%0D%0AMEMPERTAHANKAN+PENERAPAN+VISA+ON+ARRIVAL+(VOA)+%0D%0A&rft.creator=HETI+%2C++BAIRANI+&rft.subject=320+Ilmu+politik+(politik+dan+pemerintahan)&rft.subject=321+Sistem+pemerintahan+dan+sistem+negara&rft.subject=322+Hubungan+negara+dengan+kelompok+terorganisir+dan+anggotanya&rft.description=Visa+on+Arrival+(VoA)+merupakan+bagian+dari+strategi+kebijakan+luar+negeri%0D%0AIndonesia+yang+berperan+penting+dalam+mendukung+pemulihan+sektor+pariwisata%0D%0Adan+ekonomi+nasional+pascapandemi+COVID-19.+Meski+berbentuk+kebijakan%0D%0Akeimigrasian%2C+VoA+mencerminkan+keterbukaan+Indonesia+terhadap+mobilitas%0D%0Aglobal.+Namun+demikian%2C+kebijakan+ini+turut+menuai+respons+kritis%2C+termasuk+dari%0D%0Alembaga+internasional%2C+terkait+isu+keamanan+dan+pelaksanaannya.%0D%0APenelitian+ini+bertujuan+untuk+menjelaskan+alasan+Indonesia%0D%0Amempertahankan+kebijakan+VoA+dan+menganalisis+faktor-faktor+yang%0D%0Amelatarbelakanginya.+Menggunakan+pendekatan+kualitatif+eksplanatif%2C+penelitian%0D%0Aini+mengacu+pada+teori+Pengambilan+Keputusan+Kebijakan+Luar+Negeri+(FPDM)%0D%0Aoleh+Alex+Mintz+yang+menekankan+peran+dua+determinan+utama%3A+faktor+domestik%0D%0Adan+internasional.+Data+diperoleh+melalui+wawancara+mendalam+dengan+akademisi%0D%0Adan+pejabat+Kementerian+Luar+Negeri%2C+serta+studi+dokumen+dan+kebijakan+resmi.%0D%0AHasil+penelitian+menunjukkan+bahwa+faktor+domestik+yang+mendukung%0D%0Akebijakan+ini+meliputi+kebutuhan+pemulihan+devisa+negara%2C+peningkatan+jumlah%0D%0Awisatawan%2C+serta+keberlangsungan+UMKM+dan+sektor+pariwisata.+Di+sisi+lain%2C+secara%0D%0Ainternasional%2C+VoA+digunakan+sebagai+instrumen+softt+diplomacy+untuk%0D%0Amemperkuat+hubungan+bilateral%2C+menjaga+citra+keterbukaan+Indonesia%2C+dan%0D%0Ameningkatkan+posisi+tawar+dalam+kerja+sama+global.+Temuan+ini+memperlihatkan%0D%0Abahwa+keputusan+mempertahankan+VoA+diambil+melalui+kalkulasi+strategis%0D%0Aberbasis+rasionalitas+terbatas%2C+dalam+merespons+peluang+dan+tekanan+global+secara%0D%0Aadaptif.%0D%0A%0D%0AKata+kunci%3A+Kebijakan+luar+negeri%2C+Visa+on+Arrival%2C+Indonesia%2C+hubungan+bilateral%2C%0D%0Apasca+pandemi+%0D%0A+%0D%0AThe+Visa+on+Arrival+(VoA)+policy+is+part+of+Indonesia%E2%80%99s+foreign+policy%0D%0Astrategy+that+plays+a+vital+role+in+supporting+the+recovery+of+the+tourism+sector+and%0D%0Anational+economy+in+the+post-COVID-19+period.+Although+it+takes+the+form+of+an%0D%0Aimmigration+policy%2C+VoA+reflects+Indonesia's+openness+to+global+mobility.%0D%0ANevertheless%2C+this+policy+has+also+attracted+criticism%2C+including+from+international%0D%0Ainstitutions%2C+particularly+regarding+security+concerns+and+technical+challenges+in+its%0D%0Aimplementation.+This+study+aims+to+explain+the+reasons+behind+Indonesia%E2%80%99s+decision%0D%0Ato+maintain+the+VoA+policy+and+to+analyze+the+underlying+contributing+factors.%0D%0AEmploying+a+qualitative+explanatory+approach%2C+the+research+uses+the+Foreign+Policy%0D%0ADecision+Making+(FPDM)+theory+by+Alex+Mintz%2C+which+emphasizes+two+main%0D%0Adeterminants%3A+domestic+and+international+factors.+Data+were+collected+through+indepth%0D%0Ainterviews%0D%0Awith%0D%0Aacademics%0D%0Aand%0D%0Aofficials%0D%0Afrom%0D%0Athe%0D%0AMinistry%0D%0Aof%0D%0AForeign%0D%0AAffairs%2C%0D%0A%0D%0Aas%0D%0A%0D%0Awell+as+analysis+of+official+documents+and+government+policies.+The+findings%0D%0Areveal+that+domestic+factors+supporting+the+continuation+of+VoA+include+the+urgent%0D%0Aneed+to+restore+foreign+exchange%2C+the+increase+in+international+tourist+arrivals%2C+and%0D%0Athe+support+for+MSMEs+and+local+tourism.+Meanwhile%2C+international+factors+position%0D%0AVoA+as+a+tool+of+soft+diplomacy+to+strengthen+bilateral+relations%2C+uphold+Indonesia%E2%80%99s%0D%0Aimage+as+an+open+country%2C+and+enhance+its+bargaining+position+in+global%0D%0Acooperation.+These+findings+demonstrate+that+the+decision+to+maintain+VoA+was%0D%0Amade+through+a+strategic+calculation+based+on+bounded+rationality%2C+allowing+the%0D%0Astate+to+adaptively+respond+to+global+pressures+and+opportunities+under+limited%0D%0Ainformation+and+complex+conditions.%0D%0A%0D%0AKeywords%3A+Foreign+Policy%2C+Visa+on+Arrival%2C+Indonesia%2C+bilateral+relation%2C+postpandemic%0D%0A+&rft.publisher=FAKULTAS+ILMU+SOSIAL+DAN+ILMU+POLITIK&rft.date=2025-04-22&rft.type=Skripsi&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fdigilib.unila.ac.id%2F87046%2F1%2FABSTRAK.pdf&rft.format=text&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fdigilib.unila.ac.id%2F87046%2F2%2FSKRIPSI%2520FULL%2520TANPA%2520LAMPIRAN.pdf&rft.format=text&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fdigilib.unila.ac.id%2F87046%2F3%2FSKRIPSI%2520FULL%2520TANPA%2520PEMBAHASAN.pdf&rft.identifier=++HETI+%2C+BAIRANI+++(2025)+ANALISIS+KEBIJAKAN+LUAR+NEGERI+INDONESIA+DALAM+MEMPERTAHANKAN+PENERAPAN+VISA+ON+ARRIVAL+(VOA).++FAKULTAS+ILMU+SOSIAL+DAN+ILMU+POLITIK%2C+UNIVERSITAS+LAMPUNG.+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fdigilib.unila.a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