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DAYA TOLAK EKSTRAK ETHANOL DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus amaryllifolius) SEBAGAI REPELLENT TERHADAP NYAMUK Aedes aegypti
ABSTRACT Dengue Haemorrhage Fever (DHF) is the disease caused by the Aedes aegypti mosquito bite with infected dengue virus. Incidence rate of DHF has rising annually so that the vector control becomes important. Vector control such as repellent is needed to prevent DHF, but chemical repellent has been reported for its corrosive effect. Active compounds of Pandanus leaf (Pandanus amaryllifolius) have been reported on repellent action. The study aimed at observing the effect of Pandanus leaf extracts as the repellent to Aedes agypti. The study was an experimental design and followed procedurs that recommended by the World Health Organization Pesticides Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES). The research has been conducted in Organic Chemistry Laboratory and Zoology Laboratory, University of Lampung, from October to December 2014. Alcohol 70% served as a negative control and Pandanus amaryllifolius leaf extracts has concentration 10, 20, 30 and 40% applied by volunteer’s forearm. Protection from mosquito bites analized by One-way Anova test. Effective doses 50% and 99% (ED50 and ED99) value were calculated by Probit test. Pandanus amaryllifolius leaf extracts showed repellent effect to Aedes aegypti. The result showed ED50 values were 11,068% and ED99 values were 73,247% for Aedes aegypti. Keywords: Aedes agypti, pandanus leaf (Pandanus amaryllifolius), Dengue Haemorrhage Fever (DHF), repellent Abstrak Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang ditularkan oleh gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang terinfeksi virus dengeu. Angka kejadian DBD terus meningkat setiap tahun sehingga tindakan pengendalian vektor menjadi penting. Tindakan pengendalian vektor seperti repellent diperlukan untuk mencegah DBD, namun repellent kimiawi memberikan efek korosif sehingga diperlukan repellent nabati. Senyawa aktif dari daun Pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius) telah dilaporkan memiliki senyawa kimia yang berguna sebagai repellent. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak ethanol daun Pandanus amaryllifolius sebagai repellent terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap sesuai standar World Health Organization Pesticides Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Organik dan Laboratorium Zoologi Universitas Lampung dari bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2014. Alkohol 70% sebagai kontrol negatif dan ekstrak daun Pandanus amaryllifolius konsentrasi 10, 20, 30 dan 40% diterapkan pada lengan bawah relawan. Daya tolak dianalisa dengan uji Oneway-Anova dan nilai dosis efektif 50% dan 99% (ED50 dan ED99) dihitung oleh uji Probit. Ekstrak daun Pandanus amaryllifolius memiliki pengaruh repellent terhadap Aedes aegypti. Hasil menunjukkan nilai ED50 adalah 11,068% dan nilai ED99 adalah 73,247% terhadap Aedes aegypti. Kata kunci: Aedes agypti, daun pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius), Demam Berdarah Dengeu (DBD), repellent
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